Kyoto is a miniature of Japan; through centuries of experience and persistence, it has maintained the symbols of the country’s civil and cultural identity. The city has demonstrated a collection of Japan’s noble identity and characteristics through its material and spiritual heritage. Kyoto’s rich history and its position have gathered a collection of religion-based works, artistic innovations, and cultural heritage and have passed them through to the modern world. Kyoto is the symbol of an effort for the persistence of the city’s identity as well as the, coexistence of the modern and native characteristics within itself which indicates the GLOCAL logic of the city. The question which is raised here is: what are the cultural and identity-related elements of Kyoto which have come together in a GLOCAL structure and how have they been formed as such/in this way? Has Kyotoreally been successful in GLOCALizing itself in a balanced collection of civil, cultural, and identity-based characteristics and advance in the process? Considering the important role Kyoto plays in reflecting Japan’s history and culture, and the position it holds as the country’s cultural and historical heart, this paper has reviewed the city’s experience as Japan’s cultural capital and has aimed to analyze and specify Kyoto’s persistent and identity-making characteristics in a GLOCAL frame. In the end, the study will form a schema of the solidarity and dynamism of the analyzed elements based on Japan’s identity and culture.

This study aims to investigate the culture of fandom for global celebrities among Iranian fans. The fan community is delimited to the fan page owners supporting two global football celebrities (Ronaldo and Messi) on Instagram. The literature review includes different approaches to global fame,fan identity, fan communities, and GLOCALization. 7page owners were chosen and interviewed via social networks. Thematic analysis shows 5 main dimensions: "great fascination of Iranian fans toward global celebrities", "Spending a lot of time to support global celebrities", "The influence of global celebrities on the daily life of Iranian fans", "a sense of proximity to all the fans and a tendency to create new friendships" and "The GLOCAL nature of fan pages and fan interactions". As a result, the actions, interactions, and concerns of the interviewees appear to be GLOCAL in nature. The stubborn support for a global celebrity or the desire to learn their language, as well as interaction with other fans from different nationalities indicates the penetration of the global dimension of the fan culture among Iranian fans. In contrast, the Iranian identity of the fans and fan pages, commenting in Persian on a foreign celebrity page, as well as establishing new friendly relations with other Iranian fans, have given national or local characteristics to this type of support. The fandom of the two global sport celebrities has acquired an Iranian nature by passing through the filter of the Iranian fans whose national identity has not been totally erased by the global forces.

It is henceforth a commonplace; the science-fiction would be a refractory genre by nature against the definitive assimilation to the literary mainstream. We can say that the usual thematic of the genre, to which is added the irresistible propensity to prospect the future in all its forms, immunizes the SF against the “academic confinement” to the benefit of other forms of confinement. Indeed, the SF belongs to the great family of the paraliterature where the more or less listed subgenres are waiting to receive a likely definition. Popular genre which relies on a remarkable poetic, the SF is an open place to the imagination, to the verbal and the figurative creativity. It owns itself its subgenres, among other things, the SPACE opera which was, in a way, the original matrix of the speculative fiction and of its contemporary imitators. The Sternberg’s work did not have a special vocation to feed the already rich world of the science-fiction. It constitutes however a new step liable to bring a touch of self-reflexivity, we will notice that, to the history of this genre. French: “Le Navigateur” de Jacques Sternberg ou la phylogenese parodiee du SPACE opera C’est dorenavant un lieu commun, la science-fiction serait un genre par nature refractaire a l’assimilation definitive au mainstream litteraire. Nous dirons que les thematiques habituelles du genre, auxquelles viennent se meler l’irresistible propension a prospecter l’avenir sous toutes ses formes, immunisent la SF contre “l’enfermement academique” au profit d’un enfermement d’un autre genre. En effet, celle-ci appartient, comme on le sait, a la grande famille de la paralitterature ou se cotoient les sous-genres plus ou moins repertories en attente de recevoir un semblant de definition. Genre populaire s’appuyant sur une poetique singuliere, la SF est un lieu ouvert a l’imagination, a la creativite verbale et figurative. Elle possede elle-meme ses sous-genres, entre autres, le SPACE opera qui fut en quelque sorte la matrice originelle de la fiction speculative et de ses emules contemporaines. L’oeuvre sternbergienne n’eut guere pour vocation de nourrir le repertoire deja riche de la science-fiction. Elle constitue neanmoins une etape non repertoriee susceptible d’apporter, nous le constaterons, une touche d’auto-reflexivite a l’histoire du genre.Keywords: Jacques Sternberg, Nouvelle, Science-Fiction, SPACE Opera, Aventure, Fiction Speculative

This paper will examine powerfulness and powerlessness of cultures in relation to the ‎process of globalization. It will present a model in the frame of GLOCAL SPACE which ‎explains responses of indigenous cultures, integrated of local and global forces. ‎Studying culture in GLOCAL SPACE provokes a serious challenge for cultural studies in ‎the field of anthropology, which traditionally relies on a spatially localized society. ‎Here, cultures are assumed to be powerful and that is when people and societies feel ‎proud of their culture, civilization and flag. Contrary to this, cultures are also inferred ‎as to be powerless when people feel apologetic about their culture and civilization and ‎therefore generally when people wish to become members of other societies and ‎citizens of other countries‏.‏

Background: Cement SPACE is necessary for seatabillity and fitness of cast crowns, but can affect crown's retention. In this study the interrelationship between them was investigated via die spacing.Materials and Method: For evaluating the effect of die spacing (cement SPACE) on crown retention after cementation, 50 similar machined metallic dies were prepared and divided into five groups and coated with 0.2, 4, 6, 8 layers of paint-on standard die SPACEr, respectively. Cast crowns. Were fabricated on the dies using base metal alloys, and then cemented with zinc phosphate cement under a constant load of 5kg for 10 minutes. The samples were started in distilled water for 48 hours. Then the force required to remove each crown from the die was measured with instron.Results: Statistical analysis revealed a significant increase in the force required (crown retention) by adding layers of die SPACEr (p<0.05).Conclusion: Because retention didn't show any significant increase with more than 4 layers of die SPACEr, so optimum thickness of die SPACEr (or cement SPACE produced) is suggested to be 4 layers equal to 40 microns.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of A) a flame heated endo plugger, B) GatesGlidden drills and C) GPX drills on the apical seal for the purpose of post SPACE preparation. Materials & Methods: The crowns of sixty six extracted maxillary central teeth were removed from CEJ by a diamond disc and the root canals were prepared and obturated with guttapercha and sealer (Ah26) using lateral condensation technique. Six teeth were used as positve and negative control groups and the other sixty teeth were divided into 3 groups, each group containing 20 teeth. The post SPACE in these 3 groups was made by either A/a hot plugger, B/# 3or# 4 Gates glidden drills and C/# 40 or # 50 GPX drills and apical dye leakage in each group was measured by stereomicroscope and the Anova test was used to compare the mean amount of dye leakage between groups.Results: Between these 3 groups, the minimal mean dye leakage was related to the hot plugger group and the maximum mean leakage was observed in Gates glidden drill group. There was significant statistical difference between the groups (P=0.005).Conclusion: The GPX drills for the purpose of post SPACE preparation affect apical seal less than Gates glidden drills.

Background & Aim: There are several methods for determination of occlusal vertical dimension. The vertical dimension of rest position, interocclusal distance and closest speaking SPACE are two important methods. The purpose of this study was comparison the variability of interocclusal distance and closest speaking SPACE in denture wearers.Method &Materials: The subjects were 34 edentulous patients (18 males & 16 females with mean age of 56) who had received complete dentures in the prosthodontics department of Isfahan dental school. They had good residual ridges. The dentures had correct clinical vertical dimension with 1-2mm overjet and 0.5 -1mm overbite. There was no evidence of neuromuscular and TMJ problems. The TOM guage was used for measuring the vertical dimension of rest position and «S» position.Results: The results showed that the mean and standard deviation of interocclusal distance were smaller than closest speaking SPACE. Paired T-test and Levene's test were used for statistical analysis. There was a statistically difference between interocclusal distance and closest speaking SPACE, so the interocclusal distance was less variable than closest speaking SPACE (P<0.05).Conclusion: The closest speaking SPACE during S position is affected by the occlusion, vertical and horizontal overlap of anterior teeth. These factors are up to dentist's judgement in complete denture and can influence the variability of vertical dimension of S position. Because of this variability it is recommended to use several methods for determining of vertical dimension.